DURGA

Alternate Names:  Durga is also known in different forms: in milder forms she is Parvati, Uma, Himavati, Gauri, Mata, Jagatmata, and in her terrible forms as Kali or Shyama, Bhavani, Chandika or Chandi, and Lalitha.  Generally speaking she is known as Devi or Mahadevi (the great goddess).

History/Practices:   One of the oldest and most widely used names for the Divine Mother.  She is worshiped in two great annual festivals.  The Durga-Puja festival held in Bengal is particularly devoted to Durga.  This festival is held in the fall and lasts no less than five days.  It typically opens with an invitation to call Durga from her heavenly realm.  On the last day of the festival, the image of Durga that has been fashioned for the occasion is lowered into a river or the sea.

Iconography:  Her ten-armed figure, standing on the back of a lion is meant to symbolize the great power that the Vedic texts describe her as wielding, either to punish or to confer grace on human beings.

Mythology:  The following is probably the most important myth associated with the goddess Durga:

Mahishasura, the king of Asuras, through years of austerities, was once granted a boon by Brahma, that no man or deity would be able to kill him.  The immense power filled in him the urge to rule over the world.  He started to terrorize heaven and the inhabitants.  He pervaded the world with his battalion of Asuras and plundered and ruthlessly killed the people.  Chaos and anarchy reigned.  Gods were driven from heaven and Mahishasura usurped the throne.  The Gods were scared and unable to combat him, so they requested Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu to stop Mahishasura's tyranny.  In answer, the three Gods combined their divine energy and summoned up a feminine form so brilliantly glaring that it illuminated the heavens.  From the glow emerged Devi Durga, a beautiful yellow woman with ten arms riding a lion.  Despite her grace she bore a menacing expression, for Durga was born to kill.  Fully grown and beautiful Durga was immediately armed by the gods and sent forth against Mahishasura bearing in each of her ten hands, symbols of their divine power.  Vishnu's discus; Shiva's trident; Varuna's conchshell; Agni's flaming dart; Vayu's bow; Surya's quiver and arrow; Yama's iron rod; Indra's thunderbolt; Kubera's club and a garland of snakes from Shesha and a lion as a charger from Himalayas.  A fierce battle took place.  Finally when Mahishasura in the guise of a buffalo charged against Durga, the Devi beheaded the buffalo and from it emerge Mahishasura in his original form.  Durga pierced his chest with the trident before he could get away and relieved the world from the evil power.  That is why she is the mother goddess who destroys the evil, protects her devotees and establishes peace and prosperity on earth.

Riding Animal:   Durga’s riding animal is the lion.

Consort:  Durga is one of the shakti of Shiva.

Other References on the Karma-to-Grace website:   From Religious Ritual to a Relationship with the True God